Astrocytomas, Childhood

Childhood astrocytoma is a disease in which benign (noncancer) or malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the brain.

Ependymoma

ependymoma (eh-PEN-dih-MOH-muh) A type of brain tumor that begins in cells lining the spinal cord central canal (fluid-filled space down the center) or the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces of the brain). Ependymomas may also form in the choroid plexus (tissue in the ventricles that makes cerebrospinal fluid). Also called ependymal tumor.

Myeloproliferative Disorders

myeloproliferative disorder (MY-eh-loh-pruh-LIH-feh-RUH-tiv dis-OR-der) A group of slow growing blood cancers, including chronic myelogenous leukemia, in which large numbers of abnormal red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets grow and spread in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.

A cancer of the bone that usually affects the large bones of the arm or leg. It occurs most commonly in young people and affects more males than females. Also called osteogenic sarcoma.

(Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST

gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GAS-troh-in-TES-tih-nul STROH-mul TOO-mer) A type of tumor that usually begins in cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be benign or malignant. Also called GIST.

Ovarian Low Malignant Potential Tumor

ovarian low malignant potential tumor (oh-VAYR-ee-un...muh-LIG-nunt poh-TEN-shul TOO-mer) A condition in which cells that may become cancer form in the thin layer of tissue that covers an ovary (female reproductive gland in which eggs are made). In this condition, tumor cells rarely spread outside of the ovary. Also called ovarian borderline malignant tumor.

Brain Tumor, Central Nervous System Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor, Childhood

Central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the brain.

Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

gestational trophoblastic tumor (jeh-STAY-shuh-nul troh-fuh-BLAS-tik TOO-mer) Any of a group of tumors that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the uterus and help form the placenta) after fertilization of an egg by a sperm. The two main types of gestational trophoblastic tumors are hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma. Also called gestational trophoblastic disease.

Brain Tumor, Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumors, Childhood

Central nervous system embryonal tumors begin in embryonic (fetal) cells in the brain and spinal cord.

Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor

ovarian germ cell tumor (oh-VAYR-ee-un jerm sel TOO-mer) An abnormal mass of tissue that forms in germ (egg) cells in the ovary (female reproductive gland in which the eggs are formed). These tumors usually occur in teenage girls or young women, usually affect just one ovary, and can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). The most common ovarian germ cell tumor is called dysgerminoma.

Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor, Childhood

extracranial germ cell tumor (EK-struh-KRAY-nee-ul jerm sel TOO-mer) A rare cancer that forms in germ cells in the testicle or ovary, or in germ cells that have traveled to areas of the body other than the brain (such as the chest, abdomen, or tailbone). Germ cells are reproductive cells that develop into sperm in males and eggs in females

Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor

extragonadal germ cell tumor (EK-struh-goh-NA-dul jerm sel TOO-mer) A rare cancer that develops in germ cells that are found in areas of the body other than the ovary or testicle (such as the brain, chest, abdomen, or tailbone). Germ cells are reproductive cells that develop into sperm in males and eggs in females.

(Islet Cell Tumors (Endocrine Pancreas

islet cell tumor (I-let sel TOO-mer) A mass of abnormal cells that forms in the endocrine (hormone-producing) tissues of the pancreas. Islet cell tumors may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).

Adrenal Gland Tumor

adrenal gland (uh-DREE-nul...) A small gland that makes steroid hormones, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other important body functions. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney. Also called suprarenal gland.

Conic Myeloproliferative Disorders

Myeloproliferative disorders: A group of slow growing blood cancers, including chronic myelogenous leukemia, in which large numbers of abnormal red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets grow and spread in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood.